Lung Cancer
Volume 65, Issue 2 , Pages 198-203 , August 2009

Treatment of brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer with whole brain radiotherapy and Gefitinib in a Chinese population

Received 7 May 2008 ,Revised 19 October 2008 ,Accepted 25 October 2008.

References 

  1. Rizzi A, Tondini M, Rocco G, Rossi G, Robustellini M, Radaelli F, et al. Lung cancer with a single brain metastasis: therapeutic options. Tumori. 1990;76:579–581
  2. Lagerwaard FJ, Levendag PC, Nowak PJ, Eijkenboom WM, Hanssens PE, Schmitz PI. Identification of prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases: a review of 1292 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999;43:795–803
  3. McKillop D, Hutchison M, Partridge EA, Bushby N, Cooper CM, Clarkson-Jones JA, et al. Metabolic disposition of gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in rat, dog and man. Xenobiotica. 2004;34:917–934
  4. Heimberger AB, Learn CA, Archer GE, McLendon RE, Chewning TA, Tuck FL, et al. Brain tumors in mice are susceptible to blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with the oral, specific, EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD1839 (Iressa). Clin Cancer Res. 2002;8:3496–3502
  5. Hotta K, Kiura K, Ueoka H, Tabata M, Fujiwara K, Kozuki T, et al. Effect of gefitinib (‘Iressa’, ZD1839) on brain metastases in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2004;46:255–261
  6. Ishida A, Kanoh K, Nishisaka T, Miyazu Y, Iwamoto Y, Kohno N, et al. Gefitinib as a first line of therapy in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases. Intern Med. 2004;43:718–720
  7. Cappuzzo F, Ardizzoni A, Soto-Parra H, Gridelli C, Maione P, Tiseo M, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor targeted therapy by ZD 1839 (Iressa) in patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer. 2003;41:227–231
  8. Bonner JA, Giralt J, Harari PM, Azarnia N, Shin DM, Cohen RB, et al. Cetuximab prolongs survival in patients with locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: a phase III study of high dose radiation therapy with or without cetuximab. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2004;22:5507–5513
  9. Zhou X, Xu YP, Ma SL, Feng JG, Wei QC. The radiation-sensitizing effect of gefitinib on non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line. Chin Clin Oncol. 2007;12:814–818821
  10. Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, Wanders J, Kaplan RS, Rubinstein L, et al. New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:205–216
  11. Common toxicity criteria: National Institute of Health, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, Bethesda: 1993.
  12. Weitzner MA, Meyers CA, Gelke CK, Byrne KS, Cella DF, Levin VA. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) Scale: development of a brain subscale and revalidation of the general version (FACT-G) in patients with primary brain tumors. Cancer. 1995;75:1151–1161
  13. Makuch RW, Simon RM . Sample size considerations for non-randomized comparative studies. J Chronic Dis. 1980;33:175–181
  14. Borgelt B, Gelber R, Kramer S, Brady LW, Chang CH, Davis LW, et al. The palliation of brain metastases: final results of the first two studies by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1980;6:1–9
  15. Borgelt B, Gelber R, Karson M, Hendrickson F, Griffin T, Roth R. Ultra-rapid high dose irradiation schedules for the palliation of brain metastases: final results of the first two studies by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1981;7:1633–1638
  16. Rades D, Bohlen G, Dunst J, Lohynska R, Veninga T, Stalpers L, et al. Comparison of short-course versus long-course whole-brain radiotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases. Strahlenther Onkol. 2008;184:30–35
  17. Saito EY, Viani GA, Ferrigno R, Nakamura RA, Novaes PE, Pellizzon CA, et al. Whole brain radiation therapy in management of brain metastasis: results and prognostic factors. Radiat Oncol. 2006;1:20–27
  18. Rischin D, Burmeister B, Mitchell P, Boyer M, Macmanus M, Walpole E, et al. Phase I trial of gefitinib (ZD1839) in combination with concurrent carboplatin, paclitaxel and radiation therapy in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2004;23:632a
  19. Ready N, Herndon J, Vokes E, Bogart J, Crawford J, Dipetrillo T. Initial cohort toxicity evaluation for chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and ZD1839 in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a CALGB stratified phase II trial. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2004;23:632a
  20. Ceresoli GL, Cappuzzo F, Gregorc V, Bartolini S, Crinò L, Villa E. Gefitinib in patients with brain metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer: a prospective trial. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:1042–1047
  21. Solomon B, Hagekyriakou J, Trivett MK, Stacker SA, McArthur GA, Cullinane C. EGFR blockade with ZD1839 (‘Iressa’) potentiates the antitumor effects of single and multiple fractions of ionizing radiation in human A431 squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;55:713–723
  22. Bianco C, Tortora G, Bianco R, Caputo R, Veneziani BM, Caputo R, et al. Enhancement of antitumor activity of ionizing radiation by combined treatment with the selective epidermal growth factor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD1839 (‘Iressa’). Clin Cancer Res. 2002;8:3250–3258
  23. Van Vulpen M, Kal HB, Taphoorn MJB, Sharouni SYE. Changes in blood–brain barrier permeability induced by radiotherapy: implications for timing of chemotherapy?. Oncol Rep. 2002;9:683–688
  24. Chiu CH, Tsai CM, Chen YM, Chiang SC, Liou JL, Perng RP. Gefitinib is active in patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer and response is related to skin toxicity. Lung Cancer. 2005;47:129–138
  25. Wu C, Li YL, Wang ZM, Li Z, Zhang TX, Wei Z. Gefitinib as palliative therapy for lung adenocarcinoma metastatic to the brain. Lung Cancer. 2007;57:359–364
  26. Ranson M, Hammond LA, Ferry D, Kris M, Tullo A, Murray PI, et al. ZD1839, a selective oral epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is well tolerated and active in patients with solid, malignant tumors: results of a phase I trial. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:2240–2250
  27. U.S. Food and Drug Administration . Iressa® (gefitinib tablets). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 2003;pp. 1–15
  28. Bianco C, Tortora G, Bianco R. Enhancement of antitumor activity of ionizing radiation by combined treatment with the selective epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD1839 (Iressa). Clin Cancer Res. 2002;8:3250–3258
  29. Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, Gurubhagavatula S, Okimoto RA, Brannigan BW, et al. Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2129–2139
  30. Paez JG, Jänne PA, Lee JC, Tracy S, Greulich H, Gabriel S, et al. EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy. Science. 2004;304:1497–1500
  31. Pao W, Miller VA, Venkatraman E, Kris MG . Predicting sensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib: is there a role for P-Akt?. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1117–1119
  32. Shimato S, Mitsudomi T, Kosaka T, Yatabe Y, Wakabayashi T, Mizuno M, et al. EGFR mutations in patients with brain metastases from lung cancer: association with the efficacy of gefitinib. Neuro Oncol. 2006;8:137–144
  33. Chou TY, Chiu CH, Li LH, Hsiao CY, Tzen CY, Chang KT, et al. Mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor is a predictive and prognostic factor for gefitinib treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:3750–3757
  34. Kosaka T, Endoh H, Yatabe Y, Mitsudomi T. Translational research on lung cancer—EGFR gene mutation. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2005;32:750–758
  35. Shih JY, Gow CH, Yu CJ, Yang CH, Chang YL, Tsai MF, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in needle biopsy/aspiration samples predict response to gefitinib therapy and survival of patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer. 2006;118:963–969
  36. Tokumo M, Toyooka S, Kiura K, Shigematsu H, Tomii K, Aoe M, et al. The relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and clinicopathologic features in non-small cell lung cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:1167–1173
  37. Cappuzzo F, Hirsch FR, Rossi E, Bartolini S, Ceresoli GL, Bemis L, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor gene and protein and gefitinib sensitivity in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:643–655
  38. Shigematsu H, Lin L, Takahashi T, Nomura M, Suzuki M, Wistuba II, et al. Clinical and biological features associated with epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations in lung cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:339–346
  39. Takano T, Ohe Y, Sakamoto H, Tsuta K, Matsuno Y, Tateishi U, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations and increased copy numbers predict gefitinib sensitivity in patients with recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:6829–6837
  40. Yang CH, Shih JY, Chen KC, Yu CJ, Yang TY, Lin CP, et al. Survival outcome and predictors of gefitinib antitumor activity in East Asian chemonaive patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer. 2006;107:1873–1882

PII: S0169-5002(08)00565-5

doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.10.028

Lung Cancer
Volume 65, Issue 2 , Pages 198-203 , August 2009