Lung Cancer
Volume 67, Issue 2 , Pages 144-150 , February 2010

Characteristics of never smoker lung cancer including environmental and occupational risk factors

  • Christelle Clément-Duchêne

      Affiliations

    • Respiratory Diseases Department, University Hospital, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Brabois, CHU de Nancy, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. Tel.: +33 3 83 15 33 93; fax: +33 3 83 15 34 06.
    • ,
  • Jean-Michel Vignaud

      Affiliations

    • Pathology Department, University Hospital, Nancy, France
    • ,
  • Audrey Stoufflet

      Affiliations

    • Inserm U954, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
    • ,
  • Odile Bertrand

      Affiliations

    • Occupational Diseases Department, University Hospital, Nancy, France
    • ,
  • Antoine Gislard

      Affiliations

    • Occupational Diseases Department, University Hospital, Rouen, France
    • ,
  • Luc Thiberville

      Affiliations

    • Pneumology Clinic, University Hospital, EA 4108 LITIS-QUANTIF Laboratory, Rouen, France
    • ,
  • Gilles Grosdidier

      Affiliations

    • Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital, Nancy, France
    • ,
  • Yves Martinet

      Affiliations

    • Respiratory Diseases Department, University Hospital, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
    • ,
  • Jacques Benichou

      Affiliations

    • Biostatistics Department, University Hospital, Rouen, France
    • ,
  • Pierre Hainaut

      Affiliations

    • Cluster of Molecular Carcinogenesis Department, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
    • ,
  • Christophe Paris

      Affiliations

    • Inserm U954, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
    • Occupational Diseases Department, University Hospital, Nancy, France

Received 14 November 2008 ,Revised 25 January 2009 ,Accepted 15 April 2009.

References 

  1. American Cancer Society . Cancer facts and Figures 2005. Atlanta (GA): American Cancer Society; 2005;
  2. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J, Smigal C, et al. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2006;56:106–130
  3. The GLOBOCAN 2002 database. http://www-dep.iarc.fr/globocan/database.htm.
  4. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005;55:74–108
  5. American Cancer Society. Statistics for 2006: Cancer Facts & Figures 2006. http://www.cancer.org/docroot/STT/stt_0.asp. Accessibility verified June 13; 2006.
  6. Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF. Cancers of the lung and pleura. In:  Schottenfeld D editors. Cancer epidemiology and prevention. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996;p. 637–665
  7. Simonato L, Agudo A, Ahrens W, Benhamou E, Benhamou S, Boffetta P, et al. Lung cancer and cigarette smoking in Europe: an update of risk estimates and an assessment of inter-country heterogeneity. Int J Cancer. 2001;91:876–887
  8. Agudo A, Ahrens W, Benhamou E, Benhamou S, Boffetta P, Darby SC, et al. Lung cancer and cigarette smoking in women: a multicenter case-control study in Europe. Int J Cancer. 2000;88:820–827
  9. Sun S, Schiller JH, Gazdar AF. Lung cancer in never smokers: a different disease. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007;7:778–790
  10. Khuder SA, Mutgi AB. Effect of smoking cessation on major histologic types of lung cancer. Chest. 2001;120:1577–1583
  11. Osann KE. Lung cancer in women: the importance of smoking, family history of cancer, and medical history of respiratory disease. Cancer Res. 1991;51:4893–4897
  12. Alberg AJ, Ford JG, Samet JM. American College of Chest Physicians. Epidemiology of lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2007;132:29S–55S
  13. Lee CH, Ko YC, Cheng SH, Lin YC, Lin HJ, Huang MS, et al. The heterogeneity in risk factors of lung cancer and the difference of histologic distribution between genders in Taiwan. Cancer Causes Control. 2001;12:289–300
  14. Neuberger JS, Field RW. Occupation and lung cancer in nonsmokers. Rev Environ Health. 2003;18:251–267
  15. de Andrade M, Ebbert JO, Wampfler JA, Miller DL, Marks RS, Croghan GA, et al. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in women with lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2004;43:127–134
  16. Fontham ET, Correa P, Reynolds P, Wu-Williams A, Buffler PA, Greenberg RS, et al. Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in nonsmoking women: a multicenter study. JAMA. 1994;271:1752–1759
  17. Hackshaw AK, Law MR, Wald NJ. The accumulated evidence on lung cancer and environmental tobacco smoke. BMJ. 1997;315:980–988
  18. Bryant A, Cerfolio RJ. Differences in epidemiology, histology, and survival between cigarette smokers and never-smokers who develop non-small cell lung cancer. Chest. 2007;132:185–192
  19. Ebbert JO, Willimas BA, Sun Z, Aubry MC, Wampfler JA, Garces YI, et al. Duration of smoking abstinence as a predictor for non-small-cell lung cancer survival in women. Lung Cancer. 2005;47:165–172
  20. Subramanian J, Velcheti V, Gao F, Govindan R. Presentation and stage-specific outcomes of lifelong never-smokers with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol. 2007;2:827–830
  21. Brambilla E, Travis WD, Colby TV, Corrin B, Shimosato Y. The new World Health Organization classification of lung tumours. Eur Respir J. 2001;18:1059–1068
  22. Mountain CF. Revisions in the international system for staging lung cancer. Chest. 1997;111:1710–1717
  23. Toh CK, Gao F, Lim WT, Leong SS, Fong KW, Yap SP, et al. Differences between small-cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer among tobacco smokers. Lung Cancer. 2007;56:161–166
  24. Yano T, Miura N, Takenaka T, Haro A, Okazaki H, Ohba T, et al. Never-smoking nonsmall cell lung cancer as a separate entity: clinicopathologic features and survival. Cancer. 2008;113:1012–1018
  25. Toh CK. The changing epidemiology of lung cancer. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;472:397–411
  26. Foeglé J, Hedelin G, Lebitasy MP, Purohit A, Velten M, Quoix E. Specific features of non-small cell lung cancer in women: a retrospective study of 1738 cases diagnosed in Bas-Rhin between 1982 and 1997. J Thorac Oncol. 2007;2:466–474
  27. Prescott E, Bjerg AM, Andersen PK, Lange P, Vestbo J. Gender difference in smoking effects on lung function and risk of hospitalization for COPD: results from a Danish longitudinal population study. Eur Respir J. 1998;11:792–793
  28. Koyi H, Hillerdal G, Branden E. A prospective study of a total material of lung cancer from a county in Sweden 1997–1999: gender, symptoms, type, stage, and smoking habits. Lung Cancer. 2002;36:9–14
  29. Grivaux M, Breton JL, Bombaron P, Kuntz P, Lebas FX, Mehdaoui A, et al. French College of General Hospital-based Pneumologists. Lung cancer among women in France. Analysis of the 904 French women with lung cancer included in the KBP-2000-CPHG study of the French College of General Hospital-based Pneumologists (CPHG). Lung Cancer. 2004;45:279–287
  30. Wakelee H, Chang ET, Gomez SL, Keegan TH, Feskanich D, Clarke CA, et al. Lung cancer incidence in never smokers. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:472–478
  31. Muscat JE, Wynder EL. Lung cancer pathology in smokers, ex smokers and never smokers. Cancer Lett. 1995;88:1–5
  32. Dibble R, Langeburg W, Bair S, Ward J, Akerley W. Natural history of non-small cell lung cancer in nonsmokers. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:7252
  33. Brownson RC, Loy TS, Ingram E, Myers JL, Alavanja MCR, Sharp DJ, et al. Lung cancer in non-smoking women. Histology and survival patterns. Cancer. 1995;75:29–33
  34. Nordquist LT, Simon GR, Cantor A, Alberts WM, Bepler G. Improved survival in never smokers vs current smokers with primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Chest. 2004;126:347–351
  35. Radzikowska E, Głaz P, Roszkowski K. Lung cancer in women: age, smoking, histology, performance status, stage, initial treatment and survival population-based study of 20 561 cases. Ann Oncol. 2002;13:1087–1093
  36. Caldarella A, Crocetti E, Comin CE, Janni A, Pegna AL, Paci E. Gender differences in non-small cell lung cancer: a population-based study. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2007;33:763–768
  37. Båtevik R, Grong K, Segadal L, Stangeland L. The female gender has a positive effect on survival independent of background life expectancy following surgical resection of primary non-small cell lung cancer: a study of absolute and relative survival over 15 years. Lung Cancer. 2005;47:173–181
  38. Chatkin JM, Abreu CM, Fritscher CC, Wagner MB, Pinto JA. Is there a gender difference in non-small cell lung cancer survival?. Gend Med. 2004;1:41–47
  39. Kreuzer M, Boffetta P, Whitley E, Ahrens W, Gaborieau V, Heinrich J, et al. Gender differences in lung cancer risk by smoking: a multicentre case-control study in Germany and Italy. Br J Cancer. 2000;82:227–233
  40. Thomas L, Doyle A, Edelman MJ. Lung cancer in women. Emerging differences in epidemiology, biology, and therapy. Chest. 2005;128:370–381
  41. Zatloukal P, Kubik A, Pauk N, Tomasek L, Petruzelka L. Adenocarcinoma of the lung among women: risk associated with smoking, prior lung disease, diet and menstrual and pregnancy history. Lung Cancer. 2003;41:283–293
  42. Gazdar AF, Thun MJ. Lung cancer, smoke exposure, and sex. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:469–471
  43. Toyooka S, Matsuo K, Shigematsu H, Kosaka T, Tokumo M, Yatabe Y, et al. The impact of sex and smoking status on the mutational spectrum of epidermal growth factor receptor gene in non small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:5763–5768
  44. Subramanian J, Govindan R. Lung cancer in never smokers: a review. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:561–570
  45. Boffetta P. Involuntary smoking and lung cancer. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2002;28:30–40
  46. Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) VI Report: “The Health Effects of Exposure to Indoor Radon”. U.S. National Research Council; 1999.
  47. Darby S, Hill D, Auvinen A, Barros-Dios JM, Baysson H, Bochicchio F, et al. Radon in homes and risk of lung cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies. BMJ. 2005;330:1–6
  48. Keller JE, Howe HL. Risk factors for lung cancer among nonsmoking Illinois residents. Environ Res. 1993;60:1–11
  49. Pohlabeln H, Boffetta P, Ahrens W, Merletti F, Agudo A, Benhamou E, et al. Occupational risks for lung cancer among nonsmokers. Epidemiology. 2000;11:532–538
  50. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking; 2004; 83
  51. Hu J, Mao Y, Dryer D, White K. Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group: risk factors for lung cancer among Canadian women who have never smoked. Cancer Detect Prev. 2002;26:129–138
  52. Johnson KC, Hu J, Mao Y. Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group. Lifetime residential and workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in never-smoking women Canada 1994–97. Int J Cancer. 2001;93:902–906
  53. Catelinois O, Rogel A, Laurier D, Billon S, Hemon D, Verger P, et al. Lung cancer attributable to indoor radon exposure in France: impact of the risk models and uncertainty analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114:1361–1366
  54. Krewski D, Lubin JH, Zielinski JM, Alavanja M, Catalan VS, Field RW, et al. A combined analysis of North American case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2006;69:533–597

PII: S0169-5002(09)00216-5

doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.04.005

Lung Cancer
Volume 67, Issue 2 , Pages 144-150 , February 2010

Article Tools