Lung Cancer
Volume 70, Issue 2 , Pages 163-167 , November 2010

Subcarinal lymph node in upper lobe non-small cell lung cancer patients: Is selective lymph node dissection valid?

  • Keiju Aokage

      Affiliations

    • Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
  • ,
  • Junji Yoshida

      Affiliations

    • Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +81 4 7134 6855; fax: +81 4 7134 6865.
  • ,
  • Genichiro Ishii

      Affiliations

    • Pathology Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
  • ,
  • Tomoyuki Hishida

      Affiliations

    • Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
  • ,
  • Mitsuyo Nishimura

      Affiliations

    • Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
  • ,
  • Kanji Nagai

      Affiliations

    • Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan

Received 18 October 2009 ,Revised 29 January 2010 ,Accepted 21 February 2010.

References 

  1. Churchill ED, Sweet RH, Soutter L, Scannell JG. The surgical management of carcinoma of the lung: a study of the cases treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1930 to 1950. J Thorac Surg. 1950;20:349–365
  2. Cahan WG. Radical lobectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1960;39:555–572
  3. Naruke T, Suemasu K, Ishikawa S. Surgical treatment for lung cancer with metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1976;71:279–285
  4. Martini N, Flehinger B, Zaman M. Results of resection in non-oat cell carcinoma of the lung with mediastinal lymph node metastases. Ann Surg. 1983;198:386–397
  5. Naruke T, Goya T, Tsuchiya R. The importance of surgery to non-small cell carcinoma of lung with mediastinal lymph node metastases. Ann Thorac Surg. 1988;46:603–609
  6. Sugi K, Nawata K, Fujita N, Ueda K, Tanaka T, Matsuoka T, et al. Systematic lymph node dissection for clinically diagnosed peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer less than 2cm in diameter. World J Surg. 1998;22:290–294[discussion 294–295]
  7. Wu Y, Huang ZF, Wang SY, Yang XN, Ou W. A randomized trial of systematic nodal dissection in resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2002;36:1–6
  8. Izbicki JR, Thetter O, Habekost M, Karg O, Passlick B, Kubuschok B, et al. Radical systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy in non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Surg. 1994;81:229–235
  9. Wright G, Manser RL, Byrnes G, Hart D, Campbell DA. Surgery for non-small cell lung cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Thorax. 2006;61:597–603
  10. Naruke T, Goya T, Tsuchiya R. Prognosis and survival in resected lung carcinoma based on the new international staging system. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1988;96:440–447
  11. Martini N, Flehinger B, Zaman M. Prospective study of 445 lung carcinoma with mediastinal lymph node metastases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1980;80:390–399
  12. Ginsberg RJ, Rubinstein LV. Randomized trial of lobectomy versus limited resection for T1 N0 non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer Study Group. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;60:615–622[discussion 622-613]
  13. Lewis RJ, Caccavale RJ, Sisler GE, Mackenzie JW. Video-assisted thoracic surgical resection of malignant lung tumors. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1992;104:1679–1685[discussion 1685-1677]
  14. Roviaro G, Rebuffat C, Varoli F, Vergani C, Mariani C, Maciocco M. Videoendoscopic pulmonary lobectomy for cancer. Surg Laparosc Endosc. 1992;2:244–247
  15. Park BJ, Flores RM, Rusch VW. Robotic assistance for video-assisted thoracic surgical lobectomy: technique and initial results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;131:54–59
  16. Yoshida J, Nagai K, Yokose T, Nishimura M, Kakinuma R, Ohmatsu H, et al. Limited resection trial for pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules: fifty-case experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;129:991–996
  17. Read RC, Yoder G, Schaeffer RC. Survival after conservative resection for T1 N0 M0 non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 1990;49:391–398[discussion 399–400]
  18. Pastorino U, Valente M, Bedini V, Infante M, Tavecchio L, Ravasi G. Limited resection for Stage I lung cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1991;17:42–46
  19. Watanabe S, Asamura H, Suzuki K, Tsuchiya R. The new strategy of selective nodal dissection for lung cancer based on segment-specific patterns of nodal spread. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2005;4:106–109
  20. Sugi K, Kaneda Y, Esato K. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy achieves a satisfactory long-term prognosis in patients with clinical stage IA lung cancer. World J Surg. 2000;24:27–30[discussion 30-21]
  21. Shigemura N, Akashi A, Nakagiri T, Ohta M, Matsuda H. Complete versus assisted thoracoscopic approach: a prospective randomized trial comparing a variety of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy techniques. Surg Endosc. 2004;18:1492–1497
  22. Craig SR, Leaver HA, Yap PL, Pugh GC, Walker WS. Acute phase responses following minimal access and conventional thoracic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2001;20:455–463
  23. Yoshida J. Management of the peripheral small ground-glass opacities. Thorac Surg Clin. 2007;17:191–201
  24. Nohl HC. The spread of carcinoma of the bronchus. London: Lloyd-Luke Ltd.; 1962;
  25. Riely GJ. The use of first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with NSCLC and somatic EGFR mutations. Lung Cancer. 2008;60(Suppl. 2):S19–S22
  26. Tibaldi C, Giovannetti E, Vasile E, Mey V, Laan AC, Nannizzi S, et al. Correlation of CDA, ERCC1, and XPD polymorphisms with response and survival in gemcitabine/cisplatin-treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14:1797–1803
  27. Goldstein DB, Tate SK, Sisodiya SM. Pharmacogenetics goes genomic. Nat Rev Genet. 2003;4:937–947
  28. Naruke T, Tsuchiya R, Kondo H, Nakayama H, Asamura H. Lymph node sampling in lung cancer: how should it be done?. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999;16(Suppl. 1):S17–S24
  29. Tanaka K, Kubota K, Kodama T, Nagai K, Nishiwaki Y. Extrathoracic staging is not necessary for non-small-cell lung cancer with clinical stage T1–2 N0. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:1039–1042
  30. Travis W, Coblby T, Corrin B, Shimosato Y, Brambilla E. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart. 3rd ed.. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 1999;
  31. Naruke T, Suemasu K, Ishikawa S. Lymph node mapping and curability at various levels of metastasis in resected lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1978;76:832–839
  32. Kawasaki H, Nagai K, Yoshida J. The evaluation of subcarinal and inferior mediastinal lymph node dissection in upper lobe primary lung cancer. Jpn J Chest Surg. 1997;11:602–608[in Japanese]
  33. UICC . TNM classification of malignant tumours. 5th and 6th eds.. Geneva: UICC; 1997 and 2002;
  34. Okada M, Tsubota N, Yoshimura M, Miyamoto Y. Proposal for reasonable mediastinal lymphadenectomy in bronchogenic carcinomas: role of subcarinal nodes in selective dissection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116:949–953
  35. Arriagada R, Bergman B, Dunant A, Le Chevalier T, Pignon JP, Vansteenkiste J. Cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:351–360
  36. Kato H, Ichinose Y, Ohta M, Hata E, Tsubota N, Tada H, et al. A randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil-tegafur for adenocarcinoma of the lung. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1713–1721
  37. Winton T, Livingston R, Johnson D, Rigas J, Johnston M, Butts C, et al. Vinorelbine plus cisplatin vs. observation in resected non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2589–2597
  38. Douillard JY, Rosell R, De Lena M, Carpagnano F, Ramlau R, Gonzales-Larriba JL, et al. Adjuvant vinorelbine plus cisplatin versus observation in patients with completely resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (Adjuvant Navelbine International Trialist Association [ANITA]): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2006;7:719–727
  39. Strauss GM, Herndon JE, Maddaus MA, Johnstone DW, Johnson EA, Harpole DH, et al. Adjuvant paclitaxel plus carboplatin compared with observation in stage IB non-small-cell lung cancer: CALGB 9633 with the Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study Groups. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:5043–5051
  40. Ichinose Y, Kato H, Koike T, Tsuchiya R, Fujisawa T, Shimizu N, et al. Completely resected stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer: the significance of primary tumor location and N2 station. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;122:803–808
  41. Okada M, Tsubota N, Yoshimura M, Miyamoto Y, Matsuoka H. Prognosis of completely resected pN2 non-small cell lung carcinomas: what is the significant node that affects survival?. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;118:270–275
  42. Satoh Y, Okumura S, Nakagawa K, Horiike A, Ohyanagi F, Nishio M, et al. Postoperative ischemic change in bronchial stumps after primary lung cancer resection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006;30:172–176
  43. Faber LP, Piccione W. Lung cancer, principles and practice. 2nd ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2000;
  44. Allen MS, Darling GE, Pechet TT, Mitchell JD, Herndon JE, Landreneau RJ, et al. Morbidity and mortality of major pulmonary resections in patients with early-stage lung cancer: initial results of the randomized, prospective ACOSOG Z0030 trial. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;81:1013–1019[discussion 1019–1020]
  45. Hasegawa I, Boiselle PM, Kuwabara K, Sawafuji M, Sugiura H. Mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: preliminary experience with diffusion-weighted MR imaging. J Thorac Imaging. 2008;23:157–161
  46. Maziak DE, Darling GE, Inculet RI, Gulenchyn KY, Driedger AA, Ung YC, et al. Positron emission tomography in staging early lung cancer: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:221–228W-248
  47. Hwangbo B, Kim SK, Lee HS, Lee HS, Kim MS, Lee JM, et al. Application of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration following integrated PET/CT in mediastinal staging of potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer. Chest. 2009;135:1280–1287

PII: S0169-5002(10)00107-8

doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.02.009

Lung Cancer
Volume 70, Issue 2 , Pages 163-167 , November 2010